Kathakali is one of the oldest theatre forms in the world. It originated in the area of southwestern India now known as the state of Kerala. It is a group presentation, in which dancers take various roles in performances traditionally based on themes from Hindu mythology, especially the two epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
One of the most interesting aspects of this dance is its elaborate make-up code. Each Character has different make up according to their nature. This determines the colours used in the make-up. The faces of noble male characters like great kings, the divine hero Rama, etc. are green makeup. Characters who are high evil streak, such as the demon king Ravana, are allotted a similar green make-up but with red marks on the cheeks. Extremely angry or excessively evil characters wear red make-up and a flowing red beard. Forest dwellers such as hunters are represented with a black make-up base. Women and ascetics have yellowish faces.
Hand gestures in Kathakali
The technique of this dance is a highly developed language of hand gestures. the artist can tell the whole sentences and stories through hand gestures. The body movements and footwork are very rigorous. A dancer undergoes a very hard course of training, and special periods of body massage.
Makeup and costume in Kathakali
The dancers wear large head dresses and different colours of the face are extended with molded lime. The extraordinary costumes and make-up transform the audience to a world of wonders.
The orchestra of a Kathakali performance includes two drums known as the chenda and the maddalam, along with cymbals and another percussion instrument, the ela taalam. Normally, two singers provide the vocal accompaniment. Sopanam is the style of singing.
A traditional Kathakali performance begins in the evening and continues throughout the night, when Good finally conquers Evil. Today, however, it has been modified for the proscenium stage, and the audiences can participate in this theatre experience in the span of a couple of hours.
Musical instruments in Kathakali
Chenda, Maddalam, Cymbals and Elathalam
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is Kathakali dance?
Kathakali is a classical dance-drama of Kerala, India, known for its powerful facial expressions, colorful costumes, detailed makeup, and storytelling. It mainly portrays stories from Indian epics like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranas.
2. Which state is Kathakali dance from?
Kathakali dance originated in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the most famous cultural traditions of South India.
3. What is Kathakali famous for?
Kathakali is famous for its elaborate makeup (Chutti), dramatic costumes, expressive eye movements, and intense facial expressions. It is also known for its unique storytelling style using hand gestures (mudras).
4. Who invented Kathakali?
Kathakali was developed during the 17th century in Kerala. It is believed to have evolved under the patronage of Kottarakkara Thampuran, who played a major role in shaping Kathakali as an art form.
5. What are the main themes of Kathakali?
Kathakali mainly depicts stories from:
- Ramayana
- Mahabharata
- Bhagavata Purana
- Shiva and Vishnu legends
Most performances focus on the battle between good and evil.
6. What language is used in Kathakali songs?
Kathakali songs are usually written in Manipravalam, a mixture of Malayalam and Sanskrit. The performance is supported by vocal music and traditional instruments.
7. What are the main instruments used in Kathakali?
The main instruments used in Kathakali include:
- Chenda
- Maddalam
- Chengila
- Elathalam
These instruments create strong rhythmic beats that match the dance drama.
8. What is Kathakali makeup called?
Kathakali makeup is called Chutti. It is a highly detailed makeup style that takes several hours to complete and helps the audience identify the character type.
9. How long does Kathakali makeup take?
Kathakali makeup can take 3 to 5 hours, depending on the role. Some characters require complex face painting, headgear, and costume arrangements.
10. What are the types of Kathakali characters?
Kathakali characters are categorized into five main types:
- Minukku (Shining) – gentle characters like women and saints
- Pacha (Green) – noble heroes
- Kathi (Knife) – proud villains
- Thadi (Beard) – warriors and demons
- Kari (Black) – evil characters
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